Dairy Processing

Reagents, glassware and instruments for milk reception, process control and finished-product testing at dairies and chilling centres.

This sector is governed by a regulator rather than by a test standard — FSSAI sets the compositional requirements and publishes the methods — but the thing that decides whether a dairy laboratory works is smaller and far more mundane. It is the acid. IS 1224 specifies Gerber sulphuric acid at a density of 1.807 to 1.812 g/ml at 27 °C, roughly 90 to 91 percent by mass, and that window is narrow for a reason: weaker acid leaves protein undigested and the fat column reads low, stronger acid chars the sample and the column reads dark and unreadable. Commercial sulphuric acid is not a substitute. The analyser at the reception dock is a screening instrument; when a payment is disputed it is settled on Gerber, and Gerber is settled on the acid.

Tests run here

Fat by Gerber, and solids-not-fat by lactometer
Titratable acidity and pH
Clot-on-boiling and alcohol stability
Methylene blue reduction test and standard plate count
Coliform, yeast and mould counts
Alkaline phosphatase for pasteurisation efficacy
Added water by freezing point depression
Adulterant, neutraliser and antibiotic residue screening

Governed by

FSSAI — Food Safety and Standards (Food Products Standards and Food Additives) Regulations 2011
FSSAI Manual of Methods of Analysis of Foods — Milk and Milk Products
IS 1479 — methods of test for the dairy industry
IS 1224 — determination of fat by the Gerber method
AGMARK grading for ghee and butter under the Agricultural Produce (Grading and Marking) Act
NABL accreditation under ISO/IEC 17025

What this sector draws on

Analytical Instruments

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Analytical Balance, 220 g × 0.1 mg

Four-decimal analytical balance with draught shield and internal or external calibration.

Ex-stock

ISO/IEC 17025

Capacity: 220 g

Specification

Specification for Analytical Balance, 220 g × 0.1 mg
Capacity	220 g
Readability	0.1 mg (0.0001 g)
Repeatability	≤ 0.1 mg
Linearity	± 0.2 mg
Pan size	90 mm ø
Calibration	Internal motorised or external OIML class E2 weight
Services	Installation & commissioning · Calibration · Operator training · Annual maintenance contract

Standards

ISO/IEC 17025

Typical applications

Weighing for standard and reagent preparation
Gravimetric analysis
Sample weighing for assay

Full record, hazard data and enquiry for Analytical Balance, 220 g × 0.1 mg →

pH Meter, Benchtop, Five-Point Calibration

Microprocessor benchtop pH and mV meter with automatic temperature compensation and up to five-point calibration.

Ex-stock

pH range: −2.00 to 16.00

Specification

Specification for pH Meter, Benchtop, Five-Point Calibration
pH range	−2.00 to 16.00
pH resolution	0.01 (0.001 on selected models)
Accuracy	± 0.01 pH
Calibration points	Up to 5, with auto buffer recognition
Temperature	ATC, −10 to 110 °C
Output	RS-232 / USB, optional printer
Services	Installation & commissioning · Calibration · Operator training · Annual maintenance contract · Spares & consumables

Typical applications

pH measurement in water, effluent and process samples
Pharmaceutical QC pH determination

Full record, hazard data and enquiry for pH Meter, Benchtop, Five-Point Calibration →

UV-Visible Spectrophotometer, Double Beam

Double-beam UV-Vis spectrophotometer for quantitative absorbance and scanning work.

Wavelength range	190–1100 nm
Spectral bandwidth	1 nm (2 nm and variable on selected models)
Wavelength accuracy	± 0.3 nm
Photometric range	−0.3 to 3.0 A
Stray light	< 0.05% T at 220 nm
Software	PC control; 21 CFR Part 11 package to order
Services	Installation & commissioning · Calibration · Validation & qualification · Operator training · Annual maintenance contract · Spares & consumables

Digestion positions	3, 6, 8 or 12
Digestion temperature	Up to 450 °C, PID controlled
Fume scrubber	Water aspirator or recirculating, with neutralisation
Distillation	Steam generator with automatic alkali dosing
Recovery	≥ 99.5% on ammonium sulphate reference
Site preparation	Required — foundation or utilities
Services	Installation & commissioning · Calibration · Operator training · Annual maintenance contract · Spares & consumables

Conductivity range	0.01 µS/cm to 200 mS/cm, auto-ranging
Accuracy	± 0.5% of full scale
Cell constants	K = 0.1, 1.0 and 10.0
Temperature	ATC with selectable coefficient
Services	Calibration · Operator training · Annual maintenance contract · Spares & consumables

Operating condition	121 °C at 15 psi (1.05 kg/cm²)
Chamber volumes	35 L, 53 L, 78 L, 95 L, 119 L and 178 L
Construction	Stainless steel 304 chamber; 316 on GMP models
Safety	Spring-loaded safety valve, pressure switch, vacuum breaker
Control	PLC with HMI, cycle printout on GMP models
Documentation	IQ / OQ / PQ protocols available
Site preparation	Required — foundation or utilities
Services	Installation & commissioning · Calibration · Validation & qualification · Operator training · Annual maintenance contract · Spares & consumables

Filtration	HEPA, 99.97% efficient at 0.3 µm
Pre-filter	Washable synthetic, 5 µm
Air velocity	0.45 ± 0.1 m/s at the work surface
Work zone class	ISO Class 5
Sizes	2 ft, 3 ft, 4 ft and 6 ft
Fitted with	UV germicidal lamp, fluorescent lamp, manometer
Services	Installation & commissioning · Validation & qualification · Operator training · Annual maintenance contract · Spares & consumables

Temperature range	5 °C to 50 °C
Accuracy	± 0.5 °C
Chamber volumes	110 L, 170 L, 216 L and 336 L
Construction	Stainless steel inner, PUF insulated
Control	Digital PID with safety thermostat
Options	Data logger, chart recorder, GMP dual chamber
Services	Installation & commissioning · Calibration · Validation & qualification · Annual maintenance contract · Spares & consumables

Control system	PLC with HMI touch screen
Temperature control	High precision, with forced air circulation for uniformity
Interior	Stainless steel 304
Illumination	LED lighting, dimmable
Timer	Automatic 24-hour cyclic timer
PC software	Compatible with 21 CFR Part 11 compliance PC software
Flask capacity 5000 ml	6 flasks
Flask capacity 2000 ml	16 flasks
Flask capacity 1000 ml	9 or 4 flasks
Flask capacity 500 ml	25 or 16 flasks
Flask capacity 250 ml	25, 16 or 9 flasks
Services	Validation & qualification

Air removal	Pre-vacuum stage before steam admission
Load drying	Post-vacuum stage after the sterilising hold
Temperature range	105 °C to 135 °C, programmable
Lid	Single-lever locking mechanism
Control	PLC with HMI touch screen, programmable cycles
Connectivity	Ethernet communication
PC software	21 CFR Part 11 capable data-acquisition software
Safety cutoffs	Low temperature cutoff; low water level cutoff
Site preparation	Required — foundation or utilities
Services	Installation & commissioning · Calibration · Validation & qualification · Operator training · Annual maintenance contract · Spares & consumables

Pack sizes	2 × 500 ml (carton) · 4 × 2.5 L (carton) · 25 L carboy · 35 kg / 200 L drum — on request
HSN code	28061000
Signal word	Danger
Transport	UN1789 · Packing group II

Pack sizes	2 × 500 ml (carton) · 2 × 5 L (carton) · 4 × 2.5 L (carton) · 35 kg carboy — on request
HSN code	28070010
Signal word	Danger
Transport	UN1830 · Packing group II

Specification for Adapter Cone - Flexible Tubing
Material	Borosilicate glass 3.3
Sizes	14 / 23 · 19 / 26 · 24 / 29 · 29 / 32 · 10 / 19
14 / 23	5 per case · Cat. 8836A14
19 / 26	5 per case · Cat. 8836A19
24 / 29	5 per case · Cat. 8836A24
29 / 32	5 per case · Cat. 8836A29
10 / 19	5 per case · Cat. 8836B10
14 / 23	5 per case · Cat. 8836B14
19 / 26	5 per case · Cat. 8836B19
24 / 29	5 per case · Cat. 8836B24
29 / 32	5 per case · Cat. 8836B29

Specification for Adapter Cone / Rubber Tubing
Material	Borosilicate glass 3.3
Sizes	10 / 19 · 14 / 23 · 19 / 26 · 24 / 29 · 29 / 32
10 / 19	5 per case · Cat. 8835A10
14 / 23	5 per case · Cat. 8835A14
19 / 26	5 per case · Cat. 8835A19
24 / 29	5 per case · Cat. 8835A24
29 / 32	5 per case · Cat. 8835A29

Specification for Adapter Cones Screw Thread
Material	Borosilicate glass 3.3
Sizes	14 / 23 · 19 / 26 · 24 / 29 · 29 / 32
14 / 23	5 per case · Cat. 8840A14
19 / 26	5 per case · Cat. 8840A19
24 / 29	5 per case · Cat. 8840A24
29 / 32	5 per case · Cat. 8840A29

Specification for Adapter Receiver — Bent with Vent
Material	Borosilicate glass 3.3
Sizes	14 / 23 · 19 /26 · 19 / 26 · 24 / 29 · 29 /32
14 / 23	joint 14 / 23 · 5 per case · Cat. 8839614
19 /26	joint 19 / 26 · 5 per case · Cat. 8839619
19 / 26	joint 24 / 29 · 5 per case · Cat. 8839719
24 / 29	joint 24 / 29 · 5 per case · Cat. 8839624
29 /32	joint 29 / 32 · 5 per case · Cat. 8839629

Pack sizes	500 ml · 2.5 L · 35 kg carboy — on request
HSN code	28092010
Signal word	Danger
Transport	UN1805 · Packing group III

Pack sizes	500 ml · 1 L · 2.5 L · 25 L — on request
HSN code	29152100
Signal word	Danger
Transport	UN2789 · Packing group II

Temperature range	−40 °C to −80 °C
Refrigeration	Cascade refrigeration system
Refrigerant	CFC free
Control and display	Touch screen
Alarm	Fitted, with e-mail alert
Connectivity	Ethernet communication and PC connectivity
Safety provisions	Over-temperature cut-off; electrical overload cut-off; time delay for compressor switch-on
Qualification documents	IQ / OQ / PQ documents available
Services	Validation & qualification

Refrigerator chamber	2 °C to 8 °C
Deep freezer chamber	0 °C to −25 °C
Refrigeration	Cascade refrigeration system
Refrigerant	CFC free
Control and display	Touch screen, with a display on each chamber
Alarm	Fitted, with e-mail alert
Connectivity	Ethernet communication and PC connectivity
Safety provisions	Over-temperature cut-off; electrical overload cut-off; time delay for compressor switch-on
Qualification documents	IQ / OQ / PQ documents available
Services	Validation & qualification

Temperature range, -10 / -20 / -30 model	-10°C to 100°C / -20°C to 100°C / -30°C to 100°C
Temperature display resolution	0.01°C
Temperature accuracy	±0.05°C
Temperature control	Microprocessor PID, programmable controller
Temperature sensor	PT100
Display	Touchscreen
Refrigeration	Air cooled refrigeration through compressor
Refrigerant	R-134A
Pump circulation	Internal and external
Pump flow rate	8 L/min
Bath tank capacity	10 L
Tank size (L x W x D)	270 x 200 x 200 mm

Shape	Horizontal (specialised for viscometer)
Temperature range	-20°C to 100°C
Temperature display resolution	0.01°C
Temperature accuracy	± 0.05°C
Temperature control	Microprocessor PID, programmable controller
Temperature sensor	PT100
Display	Touchscreen
Refrigeration	Air cooled refrigeration through compressor
Refrigerant	R-134A
Pump circulation	Internal and external
Pump flow rate	6 L/min
Bath tank capacity	6 L

Bath capacity	3.5 L
Temperature control range	-20°C to 100°C
Temperature resolution	0.01°C
Temperature constancy	0.1°C
Temperature control system	PID
Pump flow	8 L/min
Pump lift	2 m
Inner material	SS304
Circulation and drainage port	SS304 connectors, built-in drain valve, automatic overflow drain
Display	4.3" TFT touch screen
Water filling hole	35 mm
Ambient temperature	10°C~25°C

Capacity × readability	6.1 g × 0.001 mg
Readability (d)	0.001 mg
Repeatability (standard deviation)	0.004 mg
Linearity (±)	0.005 mg
Calibration	Automatic internal (motorised) calibration
Display	5" touch screen, seven-language interface
Response time	≤ 8 s
Pan size	30 mm
Weighing chamber size	165 x 165 x 75 mm
Distance pan to top windshield	75 mm
Windshield internal diameter	165 mm
Windshield	Double windshield, metal-evaporated coating to reduce static charge

Item type	Accessory for micro, semi-micro and analytical balances; not a weighing instrument
Design type, two versions	External free-standing device / unit attached to the balance windshield
Balance compatibility, external version	Any make of micro, semi-micro or analytical balance
Balance compatibility, windshield version	Listed for five specific balances in this range: the 220 g keypad analytical, the 82 g / 220 g and 102 g / 220 g semi-micro models, and the 220 g and 102 g / 220 g touch-screen models
Operating modes	2-minute timed mode and continuous mode, started by a button
Distance, sample to ion source	Approx. 5-40 cm
Discharge time	9 s at 5 cm, 13 s at 10 cm, 100 s at 40 cm (fan on)
Ozone concentration	0-0.05 ppm at 2 cm from the ion source
Ambient temperature	10 °C - 40 °C
Air humidity	20-80%
Power supply	Adaptor, AC 100-240 V, 50/60 Hz
Gross weight	300 g

Capacity × readability	102 g × 0.01 mg (semi-micro range); 220 g × 0.1 mg (analytical range)
Repeatability (standard deviation)	0.01 mg on the 102 g range; 0.1 mg on the 220 g range
Linearity (±)	0.04 mg on the 102 g range; 0.4 mg on the 220 g range
Sensitivity drift	3 ppm/°C
Weighing cell	Electromagnetic force compensation (EMFC)
Calibration	Internal calibration
Display	5" touch screen
Response time	≤ 6 s
Pan size	80 mm
Windshield dimensions	162 x 171 x 225 mm
Operating temperature	15 °C - 25 °C
Application modes	Piece counting with statistics report, textile function, percentage, check weighing, animal weighing, formulation (recipe)

Dairy Processing

Tests run here

Governed by

What this sector draws on

Analytical Balance, 220 g × 0.1 mg

pH Meter, Benchtop, Five-Point Calibration

UV-Visible Spectrophotometer, Double Beam

Kjeldahl Digestion and Distillation Unit

Conductivity / TDS Meter, Benchtop and Portable

Vertical Autoclave, Fully Automatic

Laminar Air Flow Cabinet, Horizontal / Vertical

BOD Incubator, Digital

Orbital Shaking Incubator

Programmable Vacuum Autoclave, Single-Lever Lock

Hydrochloric Acid

Sulphuric Acid 98%

Nitric Acid

Orthophosphoric Acid 85%

Acetic Acid Glacial 99.5%

Sodium Hydroxide Volumetric Solution 0.1 N

EDTA Volumetric Solution 0.05 M (0.1 N)

Silver Nitrate Volumetric Solution 0.1 N

Iodine Volumetric Solution 0.1 N

Hydrochloric Acid Volumetric Solution 0.1 N

Adapter Cone - Flexible Tubing

Adapter Cone / Rubber Tubing

Adapter Cones Screw Thread

Adapter Receiver — Bent with Vent

Adapter Receiver — Multiple Connectivity

2 Xyt Growth Agar

2 Xyt Growth Medium

2 Xyt Growth Top Agar

2% Malt Extract Agar

4 Xyt Growth Medium

Ultra-Low Temperature Deep Freezer, −40 °C to −80 °C

Twin-Chamber Laboratory Refrigerator and Deep Freezer

Refrigerated Circulating Bath, 10 L, Touchscreen

Refrigerated Circulating Bath, 6 L, Horizontal, for Viscometer

Recirculating Water Chiller, 3.5 L

Micro Balance, 6.1 g x 0.001 mg, Touch Screen

Antistatic Ioniser for Balances, External and Windshield-Mounted

Semi-Micro / Analytical Balance, Touch Screen, 102 g / 220 g

Semi-Micro / Analytical Balance, Touch Screen, 81 g / 220 g

Semi-Micro Balance, 61 g x 0.01 mg

Automatic Density Meter, Oscillating U-Tube

Melting Point Apparatus, Capillary, Touch Screen

Automatic Video Melting Point Apparatus with CFR Software

Automatic Polarimeter, Dual Wavelength, with CFR Software

Automatic Polarimeter, Single Wavelength, with CFR Software

Dispensing Peristaltic Pump, 0.005 to 641 mL/min

Rotary Evaporator, 1 L Flask, Motorised Lift

Paddle Blender Homogeniser, 400 mL, Heated

Hand-Held Rotor-Stator Homogeniser, 10 to 250 mL

Tissue Grinder Homogeniser (Bead Beater), 12 x 5 mL or 24 x 2 mL

Send us your test schedule for this laboratory.

Capacity × readability	81 g × 0.01 mg (semi-micro range); 220 g × 0.1 mg (analytical range)
Repeatability (standard deviation)	0.01 mg on the 81 g range; 0.1 mg on the 220 g range
Linearity (±)	0.04 mg on the 81 g range; 0.4 mg on the 220 g range
Sensitivity drift (±)	2 ppm/°C
Verification scale interval (e)	1 mg
Accuracy class as printed	Class I
Weighing cell	Electromagnetic force compensation (EMFC)
Calibration	Internal calibration
Display	4.3" touch screen, time on display, built-in temperature sensor
Response time	4-6 s
Pan size	90 mm Ø
Windshield	Glass, antistatic material

Capacity × readability	61 g × 0.01 mg
Linearity (±)	0.04 mg
Sensitivity drift	2 ppm/°C
Minimum weighing	1 mg
Accuracy class as printed	Class I
Weighing cell	Electromagnetic force sensor
Calibration	Internal calibration, triggered on elapsed time and on temperature change
Display	LCD, with time and temperature display
Response time	4-6 s
Pan size	Φ 80 mm
Tare range	Full
Ambient temperature	15 °C - 25 °C

Measuring principle	Oscillating quartz glass U-tube with photoelectric detection
Density range, two models	0 to 3.0000 g/cm³ on the standard model; 0 to 3.00000 g/cm³ on the CFR model
Sample volume	2 to 3 mL per measurement
Temperature control	Built-in Peltier; the catalogue prints no control range and no control accuracy
Sample introduction	Manual injection or automatic sampling
Bubble checking	1080p camera over the tube, with video of the injection so the operator can see bubbles and particles
Display	10.1 inch touch screen, Android operating system
Records	Results saved as PDF reports and exported to USB; batch collection and storage
Interfaces	RS-232C serial, USB
Cleaning	Built-in air pump for drying and cleaning the tube
Printer	Thermal printer offered as an option
CFR model software	Adds user accounts and permissions, audit trail and electronic signature on records

Method	Capillary tube in a heated block
Temperature control	PID with PWM output; no temperature range, heating-rate range or accuracy is printed in the catalogue
Reading	Melting curve recorded automatically
Calculation	Average of the initial and final melting points computed automatically
Display	7 inch LCD touch screen
Clock	Real-time clock fitted
Data transfer	Connects to a computer
Detection	From the melting curve; no camera or video is listed for this model
Standard accessories	Capillary tubes, power cord, instruction manual, test certificate
HSN code	90278090
Services	Installation & commissioning · Calibration · Validation & qualification · Operator training · Spares & consumables

Method	Capillary tube in a heated block, observed by camera
Capillaries per run	4
Camera	720p, with video capture and playback of the melt
Measuring modes	Automatic detection, or visual determination from the video
Temperature control	PID with PWM output; no temperature range, heating-rate range or accuracy is printed in the catalogue
Dark-coloured samples	Light source brightness and detection sensitivity are adjustable
Display	10.1 inch touch screen, Android operating system
Stored graphs	40,000 sets
Software	User accounts and permissions, audit tracking, measurement and operation records
Backup	Scheduled backup to USB stick or to a file path
Standard accessories	Power cord, capillary tubes, instruction manual, test certificate
HSN code	90278090

Measured quantity	Optical rotation, in degrees
Working wavelengths	546 nm and 589 nm
Reading resolution	Three decimal places
Measuring modes	Optical rotation, specific rotation, sugar, concentration, user-defined
Temperature control	Internal Peltier; the catalogue prints no control range and no control accuracy
Sample tubes supplied	100 mm and 200 mm glass tubes, plus Peltier tube accessories
Calibration	Multipoint automatic calibration
Display	8 inch colour touch screen
Operating software	Windows-based and on board; no separate PC is required
Data storage	16 GB
Record export	PDF or Excel, to local storage or a USB stick
Data transmission	To a server, over UDP or RS-232, as text or XML

Measured quantity	Optical rotation, in degrees
Working wavelength	589 nm
Reading resolution	Three decimal places
Measuring modes	Optical rotation, specific rotation, sugar, concentration, user-defined
Stored methods	1000 measurement methods can be pre-set
Temperature control	Internal Peltier; the catalogue prints no control range and no control accuracy
Sample tubes supplied	100 mm and 200 mm glass tubes, plus a 100 mm Peltier tube
Repeat measurement	Six readings with the average and standard deviation displayed
Display	10.1 inch colour touch screen
Operating system	Android
Power-on self check	Database, communication serial port, temperature sensor, high-voltage controller and encoder
Security software	User accounts and permission list, electronic signature verified by password, audit log

Flow range	0.005 to 641 mL/min
Speed range	0.1 to 150 rpm
Speed resolution	0.1 rpm at or below 100 rpm; 1 rpm above 100 rpm
Speed accuracy	< ±0.2 %
Pump heads / channels	1
Standard tube	18#
Flow at 150 rpm, by tube	13# 7.5, 14# 30, 19# 75, 16# 120, 25# 285, 17# 450, 18# 641 mL/min
Flow at 0.1 rpm, by tube	13# 0.0050, 14# 0.020, 19# 0.05, 16# 0.080, 25# 0.19, 17# 0.30, 18# 0.43 mL/min
Control functions	Start and stop, reversible direction, full speed, speed adjustment, power-down state memory
Timer and delay start / stop	Available
External control	External analogue speed regulation and external start/stop and direction signals, 5 to 24 V, physically isolated; voltage or current signal type selectable from the panel
Communication interface	RS485, MODBUS protocol

Evaporation capacity (water)	Max. 25 mL/min
Rotation speed	20 to 300 rpm
Evaporating flask	1 L, 131 mm diameter, 29 joint
Collection bottle	1 L, 131 mm diameter, 35 joint
Condenser	Vertical, adjustable double-layer, anti-backflow design; 80 x 420 mm
Condensation area	0.15 m²
Bath temperature control range	RT +5 °C to 180 °C
Bath control accuracy	±1 °C
Heating power	1.5 kW
Enclosed heating size	230 x 135 mm
Materials	Stainless steel bath liner, aluminium alloy bracket
Lifting	Automatic lift, 120 mm stroke

Working capacity	4 mL to 400 mL
Slapping speed	3.0 to 12.0 squeezes per second
Adjustable flapping distance	0 to 50 mm
Paddle size	145 x 85 mm
Paddle and front door material	Stainless steel 304
Heating	RT +5 °C to 80 °C
Disinfection wavelength	253.7 nm ultraviolet
Stored programmes	8 sets, speed and time adjustable
Timing, alarm and pause	Yes
Automatic stop	Yes
Display	4.3 inch touch screen
Sterile homogenising bag size	170 x 300 mm